The Normal TSH Reference Range: What Has Changed in the Last Decade?

• National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-thyroperoxidase antibody relationships demonstrate that TSH upper reference limits may be skewed by occult thyroid dysfunction

• The upper limit of the reference range for thyroid-stimulating hormone should not be confused with a cut-off to define subclinical hypothyroidism

• National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-thyroperoxidase antibody relationships demonstrate that TSH upper reference limits may be skewed by occult thyroid dysfunction

• Clinical review: A review of the clinical consequences of variation in thyroid function within the reference range

• The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction

• Narrow Individual Variations in Serum T4 and T3 in Normal Subjects: A Clue to the Understanding of Subclinical Thyroid Disease

• Nature and functions of autoantibodies

• Regulation of autoreactive antibodies

• Discrepancy in the expression of autoantibodies in healthy aged individuals

• Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis

• Subclinical Thyroid Disease Scientific Review and Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management

• Effect of levothyroxine replacement on lipid profile and intima-media thickness in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind, placebo- controlled study

• Thyroid disease in the oldest old: the exception to the rule

• Searching for the autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility genes: from gene mapping to gene function

• Further evidence for a strong genetic influence on the development of autoimmune thyroid disease: the California twin study

• Hashimoto Thyroiditis: Part 1, Sonographic Analysis of the Nodular Form of Hashimoto Thyroiditis

• “Focal thyroid inferno” on color Doppler ultrasonography: A specific feature of focal Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

• Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Primary Thyroid Lymphoma with Coexisting Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

• Roles of ultrasound and power Doppler ultrasound for diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis in anti-thyroid marker-positive euthyroid subjects

• The value of ultrasonography in predicting autoimmune thyroid disease

• Micronodulation: ultrasonographic sign of Hashimoto thyroiditis

• Thyroidal and peripheral production of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine in humans by multicompartmental analysis

• Non thyroidal illness: to treat or not to treat?

• Reverse T3 does not reliably differentiate hypothyroid sick syndrome from euthyroid sick syndrome

• Mercury and thyroid autoantibodies in U.S. women, NHANES 2007–2008

• Removal of dental amalgam decreases anti-TPO and anti-Tg autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis

• Relative vitamin D insufficiency in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

• Risk factors for and prevalence of thyroid disorders in a cross-sectional study among healthy female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease

• Effects of long-term administration of vitamin D3 analogs to mice

• Regulatory T cells, a potent immunoregulatory target for CAM researchers: the ultimate antagonist (I)

• Role of Vitamin D in Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity for Glucose Homeostasis

• Celiac autoimmunity in autoimmune thyroid disease is highly prevalent with a questionable impact.

• Autoimmune diseases and celiac disease which came first: genotype or gluten?

• Decreased serum alkaline phosphatase activity in hypothyroidism: possible relationship to low serum zinc and magnesium

• Significance of low serum alkaline phosphatase activity in a predominantly adult male population

• Intestinal alkaline phosphatase detoxifies lipopolysaccharide and prevents inflammation in zebrafish in response to the gut microbiota

• Central hypothyroidism

• Adult hypopituitarism: Are we missing or is it clinical lethargy?

• Prevalence and relative risk of other autoimmune diseases in subjects with autoimmune thyroid disease

• Thyroid hormones and erythrocyte indices in a cohort of euthyroid older subjects

• Erythrocyte abnormalities in thyroid dysfunction

• Comparison of hematological parameters in untreated and treated subclinical hypothyroidism and primary hypothyroidism patients

• Sufficient iodine intake during pregnancy: just do it

• Iodine Status and Thyroid Function of Boston-Area Vegetarians and Vegans

• Iodine status in pregnant women in the National Children’s Study and in U.S. women (15-44 years), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010

• Marginal Iodine Status and High Rate of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Washington DC Women Planning Conception

• Global iodine nutrition: Where do we stand in 2013?

• Hair Iodine for Human Iodine Status Assessment

• Serum thyroglobulin as a biomarker of iodine deficiency in adult populations

• The relationship between iodine intake and serum thyroglobulin in the general population

• Effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis residing in an area of mild iodine deficiency

• Drugs and thyroid function

• Supplemental selenium alleviates the toxic effects of excessive iodine on thyroid

• The Effect of Iodine Restriction on Thyroid Function in Patients with Hypothyroidism Due to Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

• Selenium upregulates CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis model of NOD.H-2(h4) mice

• Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis Decreases Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies Concentrations

• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and the role of selenium. Current concepts

• Selenium treatment in autoimmune thyroiditis: 9-month follow-up with variable doses

• Trace element risk assessment: essentiality vs. toxicity

• Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development—Iodine Review

• Thyroid disease in hemochromatosis. Increased incidence in homozygous men

 Thyroid Hypofunction Studies

• Prediction of progression to overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease using the Thyroid Events Amsterdam (THEA) score

• High hair selenium mother to fetus transfer after the Brazil nuts consumption

• Selenium status in blood, urine, and hair samples of newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients

• Selenium status and hair mercury levels in riverine children from Rondônia, Amazonia

• Maternal hair selenium levels as a possible long-term nutritional indicator of recurrent pregnancy loss

• Biomarkers of selenium status in the Amazonian context: blood, urine and sequential hair segments

• Serum and hair levels of zinc, selenium, iron, and copper in children with iron-deficiency anemia

• Selenium levels in related biological samples: human placenta, maternal and umbilical cord blood, hair and nails

• Selenium levels in human plasma and hair in northern Poland

• Characterization of dendritic cell and regulatory T cell functions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

• Curcumin has bright prospects for the treatment of multiple sclerosis

• Differential regulation of CD4(+) T helper cell responses by curcumin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

• Curcumin ameliorates cardiac inflammation in rats with autoimmune myocarditis

Thyroid Hyperfunction Studies

• TSH-receptor autoantibodies – differentiation of hyperthyroidism between Graves’ disease and toxic multinodular goitre

• Clinical Utility of TSH Receptor Antibodies

• Abnormal results of liver function tests in patients with Graves’ disease

• Serial changes in liver function tests in patients with thyrotoxicosis induced by Graves’ disease and painless thyroiditis

• Autoimmune thyroid diseases and Helicobacter pylori: the correlation is present only in Graves’s disease

• Graves’ disease shows a significant increase in the Helicobacter pylori recurrence

• Patients with Graves’ disease who developed insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata disease) possess HLA-Bw62/Cw4/DR4 carrying DRB1*0406

• Identification of a correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and Graves’ disease.

• Celiac autoimmunity in autoimmune thyroid disease is highly prevalent with a questionable impact.

• Autoimmune diseases and celiac disease which came first: genotype or gluten?

• Vitamin D and thyroid diseases

• Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration and morbidity from cardiovascular disease and fractures in patients on long-term thyroxine therapy

• The treatment of Graves’ disease in children

• Approach to a low TSH level: patience is a virtue

• The effect of iodide on serum thyroid hormone levels in normal persons, in hyperthyroid patients, and in hypothyroid patients on thyroxine replacement

• Benefit of short-term iodide supplementation to antithyroid drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis due to Graves’ disease

• Iodine excess and hyperthyroidism

• Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

• Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action

• Improvement of symptoms in mild hyperthyroidism with an extract of Lycopus europaeus (Thyreogutt® mono)

• Lycopus europaeus (Gypsywort): effects on the thyroidal parameters and symptoms associated with thyroid function

• Extract of Lycopus europaeus L. reduces cardiac signs of hyperthyroidism in rats

• Melissa officinalis L. – A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology

• Antihormonal effects of plant extracts: iodothyronine deiodinase of rat liver is inhibited by extracts and secondary metabolites of plants

• Extracts and auto-oxidized constituents of certain plants inhibit the receptor-binding and the biological activity of Graves’ immunoglobulins